Special Education

More than 6 million children and youth with disabilities, ages 3 through 21, receive special education services in the United States. States must address several critical issues in special education in order to increase their capacity to assist districts and schools to improve outcomes for students with disabilities. These issues, which include closing the achievement gap, recruiting and retaining highly qualified special education teachers, increasing collaboration with general education, improving academic assessments, and addressing equity and disproportionality, present challenges for states as they strive to improve outcomes for students with disabilities. In this toolkit, the Appalachia Regional Comprehensive Center provides links to some of the key resources on current issues in special education.

Improving Outcomes for Children and Youth with Special Needs (Web site) URL: HTTP://WWW.WESTED.ORG/CS/CPEI/PRINT/DOCS/230 Format: URL Focus Area: School/District improvement, Special Education Provider: WestEd Abstract: This section of WestEd's Web site provides nationally recognized training, technical assistance, and resources for successful education, special education, early intervention, and child care. read more > How to read this information >

Teaching Reading to Students with Emotional Behavioral Disorders (Newsletter) URL: HTTP://WWW.STUDENTPROGRESS.ORG/LIBRARY/OTHERRESOURCES.ASP#TEACHINGR... Format: PDF, URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy Provider: National Center on Student Progress Monitoring Abstract: Six early reading and behavior research centers have been funded by the U.S. Department of Education to build primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of reading support for struggling readers with concomitant emotional/behavior problems. The levels of support can range from universal supports for all students at the primary level, to intensive behavioral and reading support for students at the secondary level, to highly individualized behavior and/or reading interventions. This article describes four intervention practices--student engagement, peer-assisted learning strategies (PALS), direct instruction, and progress monitoring--that positively impact reading performance for students with emotional/behavioral disorders. Rating: Claims of Effectiveness: Reference is made to the following research findings: higher student engagement increases reading achievement, peer-assisted learning strategies may have a positive influence on students' academic and behavior performance, direct instruction that is explicit, systematic, and scaffolded has proven highly effective when teaching reading to students with EBD. How to read this information >

Policy Brief

Special Education's Greatest Challenges and Solutions URL: HTTP://WWW2.DISTRICTADMINISTRATION.COM/VIEWARTICLE.ASPX?ARTICLEID=1... Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education Provider: District Administration Abstract: Pamela Wheaton Shorr describes "the top five special education issues" that affect school administrators: culture change, some teachers left behind, an endless paper chase, race wars, and budget reductions. The article proposes solutions to these challenges. read more > How to read this information >

Universal Design for Learning URL: HTTP://WWW.RIT.EDU/~EASI/ITD/ITDV11N1/ABELL.HTM Format: Print, URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy, Technology Provider: Equal Access to Software and Information (EASI) Abstract: Kentucky has embarked on a large-scale systems change effort to integrate Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles, including use of digital curriculum and computerized reading supports, to improve overall student achievement. This article describes the implementation and evaluation of the program. Rating: Claims of Effectiveness: The authors describe qualitative and quantitative data collected during the statewide implementation of UDL-based practices. They conclude that UDL blends educational technology with accessible instructional resources that allow students to control and customize the learning environment to meet their own unique learning styles. The authors state that with core content available in accessible digital formats, paired with computerized reading and writing supports, students now have more tools to assist and manage their own learning needs. How to read this information >

Using Technology to Improve the Literacy Skills of Students with Disabilities URL: WWW.LEARNINGPT.ORG Format: URL Focus Area: Reading and literacy Provider: Learning Point Associates Abstract: This summary of best practices in using technology to improve the literacy skills of students in special education programs includes information about assessing technology needs, contains resources on technologies to improve literacies, and provides additional information on assistive technology. read more > How to read this information >

Professional Association

Academic Enhancements and Differentiated Instruction URL: HTTP://WWW.IDEAPARTNERSHIP.ORG/RKR2.CFM?RKRPAGEID=9 Format: URL Focus Area: Curriculum and Instruction Provider: IDEA Partnership Abstract: Strategies, tools, and products that may improve results for struggling learners are summarized, with links to papers on academic enhancements and differentiated instruction and multi-purpose Web sites on these topics. read more > How to read this information >

Center for Literacy and Disability Studies URL: HTTP://WWW.MED.UNC.EDU/AHS/CLDS/INDEX.HTML Format: URL Focus Area: Reading and literacy, Special Education Provider: Center for Literacy and Disability Studies Abstract: CLDS is a unit within School of Medicine at UNC Chapel Hill. The CLDS was established to address the literacy needs of individuals with severe speech and physical impairments in NC. The focus has since expanded to address the needs of individuals with a range of disabilities here and abroad. read more > How to read this information >

Council for Exceptional Children URL: HTTP://WWW.CEC.SPED.ORG/ Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy Provider: Council for Exceptional Children Abstract: The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) is dedicated to improving educational outcomes for individuals with exceptionalities, students with disabilities, and/or the gifted. The Web site includes helpful information for parents, teachers and administrators. How to read this information >

IDEA Partnership Topics Database URL: HTTP://WWW.IDEAPARTNERSHIP.ORG/DATABASE.CFM Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education Provider: IDEA Partnership Abstract: The IDEA Partnership, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Special Education Programs, facilitates shared work across professional and family organizations working with individuals with disabilities. The Topics Database contains information regarding the implementation of NCLB, IDEA, and other legislation. read more > How to read this information >

Institute for Reading Research URL: HTTP://WWW.SMU.EDU/TEACHER_EDUCATION/IRR/ Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy Provider: Institute for Reading Research (IRR) Abstract: The Institute for Reading Research at Southern Methodist University works to promote reading skills through research in the areas of developing reading interventions for children at risk of failing to learn to read, children with mild to moderate mental retardation, and children who are either bilingual or who speak Spanish exclusively in the early primary grades. read more > How to read this information >

Learning Disabilities Association of America URL: HTTP://WWW.LDAAMERICA.ORG/INDEX.CFM Format: URL Focus Area: Reading and literacy, Special Education Provider: Learning Disabilities Association of America Abstract: This organization works to improve the educational opportunities for students with disabilities by advocacy, collaboration with the U.S. Department of Education and the departments of education in each state, and promotion of education and training on learning disabilities for special education and regular education teachers. read more > How to read this information >

National Center on Student Progress Monitoring (Web site) URL: HTTP://WWW.STUDENTPROGRESS.ORG/ Format: URL Focus Area: Accountability Provider: National Center on Student Progress Monitoring Abstract: Funded by the U.S. Department of Education and housed at the American Institutes for Research, the Center works with researchers from Vanderbilt University to provide technical assistance to states and districts on the implementation of scientifically based student progress monitoring, a practice used to assess students' academic performance and to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction. The Center's Technical Review Committee uses a standard process-based on Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing developed by AERA, APA, NCMUE, and IDEA--to evaluate the scientific rigor of commercially available tools to monitor students' progress. This information is provided in a chart that compares each tool to the selected standards and includes information on the intended use of the tool and target audience. read more > How to read this information >

National Center to Improve Practice in Special Education through Technology, Media and Materials (NCIP) URL: HTTP://WWW2.EDC.ORG/NCIP/TOUR/BUS_STOPS.HTML Format: URL Focus Area: Reading and literacy, Special Education Provider: National Center to Improve Practice in Special Education through Technology, Media and Materials (NCIP) Abstract: The National Center to Improve Practice works to improve educational outcomes for students with disabilities by promoting the effective use of assistive and instructional technologies. Their Web site provides information about technology, disabilities, practice, and implementation. read more > How to read this information >

South Carolina Assistive Technology Program's List of Web Resources on Assistive Technology for the Classroom URL: HTTP://WWW.SC.EDU/SCATP/ATCLASSROOM.HTM Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy, Technology Provider: South Carolina Assistive Technology Program Abstract: The South Carolina Assistive Technology Program (SCATP) is a federally funded project concerned with getting technology into the hands of people with disabilities to help them live, work, learn, and be a more independent part of the community; includes resources for the classroom. read more > How to read this information >

The Vaughn Gross Center for Reading and Language Arts URL: HTTP://WWW.TEXASREADING.ORG/UTCRLA/ Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy Provider: The Vaughn Gross Center for Reading and Language Arts Abstract: The Vaughn Gross Center provides research, technical assistance, and professional development to educators in effective reading instruction. The Center emphasizes scientifically based reading research and instruction, particularly related to struggling readers, English language learners, and special education students. read more > How to read this information >

Professional Development

Assistive Technology Training Modules URL: HTTP://WWW.TEXASAT.NET/DEFAULT.ASPX?NAME=TRAINMOD.HOME Format: PDF, URL Focus Area: Special Education, Technology Provider: Texas Assistive Technology Network (TATN) Abstract: The TATN developed a framework for statewide collaboration in Texas on assistive technology (AT) issues. Emphasis is on professional development and TA that builds local district capacity in assistive technology knowledge and skills, shares strategies for building the literacy skills of all students, and aligns with Texas' statewide literacy initiatives. Six modules are available online to address AT service delivery for students with disabilities. Each module includes both presenter and participant materials. read more > How to read this information >

Collaborative Leadership Team Module URL: HTTP://WWW.NCCREST.ORG/PROFESSIONAL/LEADERSHIP_TEAMS.HTML Format: PDF, URL Focus Area: School/District improvement, School Culture Provider: National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems (NCCRESt) Abstract: This set of modules can be downloaded and used for professional development. The set includes (1) Fostering Team Leadership (learning to facilitate change); (2) Engaging Stakeholders in Culturally Responsive Systems (investigating change from interpersonal perspectives); and (3) Creating Culturally Responsive Systems (examining components of culturally responsive systems). Resources on this topic include a facilitator manual, PowerPoint presentations, and handouts. read more > How to read this information >

Enhancing Instruction Through Differentiation URL: HTTP://WWW.K8ACCESSCENTER.ORG/TRAINING_RESOURCES/DIFFERENTIATIONMOD... Format: Print, URL Focus Area: Curriculum and Instruction Provider: The Access Center Abstract: This professional development module can be used by TA providers or state and district personnel to introduce differentiated instruction. The module provides a PowerPoint presentation, facilitator's guide, handouts, and resources for implementing differentiated instruction in key content areas. The resources will assist school- and district-level personnel with the implementation of differentiated instruction with all students. Rating: Claims of Effectiveness: No claims of effectiveness are made. How to read this information >

Strategic Literacy Initiative at WestEd (Web site) URL: HTTP://WWW.WESTED.ORG/CS/SLI/PRINT/DOCS/SLI/HOME.HTM Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy Provider: WestEd Abstract: The Strategic Literacy Initiative (SLI) is a professional development and research program that serves middle and high school teachers, administrators, literacy coaches, and teacher educators. A key component of SLI's work is Reading Apprenticeship, a research-based instructional framework that helps struggling adolescent readers develop knowledge, strategies, and motivation to become more powerful readers. SLI's book, Reading for Understanding: A Guide to Improving Reading in Middle and High School Classrooms, describes the Reading Apprenticeship® framework and the 9th Grade Academic Literacy course developed in collaboration with teacher teams in San Francisco. read more > How to read this information >

Understanding Culture Module URL: HTTP://WWW.NCCREST.ORG/PROFESSIONAL/UNDERSTANDING_CULTURE.HTML Format: PDF, URL Focus Area: Special Education, School/District improvement Provider: National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems (NCCRESt) Abstract: This module can be downloaded and used for professional development. The set includes (1) Appreciating Culture and Cultural Responsiveness (creating equitable opportunities for all students); (2) Uncovering Diversity (understanding the complexity of identity); and (3) Power, Privilege, and Change (how power and privilege disparities create inequitable educational opportunities and outcomes). Resources on this topic include a facilitator manual, PowerPoint presentations, and handouts. read more > How to read this information >

Research

Annotated Bibliography of Selected Curriculum-Based Measurement Articles URL: HTTP://WWW.STUDENTPROGRESS.ORG/LIBRARY/ARTICLES.ASP Format: PDF, URL Focus Area: Curriculum and Instruction, Assessment Provider: National Center on Student Progress Monitoring Abstract: This bibliography lists multiple sources of research that support the use of Curriculum Based Measurement (CBM). The research cited supports the use of CBM to enhance instructional decision making, to identify students who are at risk of not meeting end-of-year goals, and to help students become more aware of their own academic performance. read more > How to read this information >

Center on Instruction (Web site) URL: HTTP://WWW.CENTERONINSTRUCTION.ORG/ Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Science, Reading and literacy, Mathematics, English language learners Provider: Center on Instruction, RMC Research Corporation Abstract: The Center on Instruction, one of five content centers linked to the U.S. Department of Education's 16 regional Comprehensive Centers, provides access to scientifically based research and information on K-12 instruction. Materials, syntheses of recent research, and exemplars of best practices in reading, math, science, special education, and English language learners are available on the Web site. read more > How to read this information >

Determining Adequate Yearly Progress from Kindergarten through Grade 6 with Curriculum-Based Measurement URL: HTTP://WWW.STUDENTPROGRESS.ORG/LIBRARY/ARTICLES.ASP Format: PDF, URL Focus Area: Curriculum and Instruction, Accountability Provider: National Center on Student Progress Monitoring Abstract: Teachers can use progress monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of their instruction for individual students or an entire class by identifying goals for what students will learn over time, measuring students' progress toward those goals through comparison of expected and actual rates of learning, and adjusting instruction as needed. This article provides a framework for applying one model of student progress monitoring—, urriculum-Based Measurement (CBM), to effectively and efficiently fulfill the AYP accountability requirement of NCLB and how such an approach may be linked to special education accountability. Rating: Claims of Effectiveness: Progress monitoring is a scientifically based practice that teachers can use to evaluate the effectiveness of their instruction for individual students or an entire class. The use of progress monitoring results in more efficient and appropriately targeted instructional techniques and goals, which, together, move all students to faster attainment of important state standards for their achievement. How to read this information >

Differentiated Instruction URL: HTTP://WWW.CAST.ORG/PUBLICATIONS/NCAC/NCAC_DIFFINSTRUC.HTML Format: PDF, URL Focus Area: Curriculum and Instruction Provider: CAST Abstract: Differentiated Instruction is a teaching theory based on the premise that instructional approaches should vary and be adapted to meet the needs of individual and diverse students in classrooms. This review of the literature outlines the components of differentiated instruction and its application to general education classrooms, provides some evidence of effectiveness, and links to additional resources. read more > Claims of Effectiveness: No empirical validation of differentiated instruction as a package was noted in this literature review. How to read this information >

Effective Practices and Strategies—Dropout Prevention (Web site) URL: HTTP://WWW.NDPC-SD.ORG/PRACTICES/INDEX.HTM. Format: URL Focus Area: School/District improvement, Special Education Provider: National Dropout Prevention Center for Students with Disabilities (NDPC-SD) Abstract: The National Dropout Prevention Center for Students with Disabilities has identified evidence-based programs and effective strategies through research synthesis. Examples of model programs and effective practices are featured. read more > How to read this information >

Tool

Alliance for Technology Access Resources Library URL: HTTP://WWW.ATACCESS.ORG/RESOURCES/DEFAULT.HTML Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy, Technology Provider: Alliance for Technology Access Abstract: ATA is the national network of community-based resource centers, developers, and vendors dedicated to providing information and support services to children and adults with disabilities. The ATA library provides information on assistive technology for families and schools. read more > How to read this information >

Assistive Technology Resources for Children and Adults with Special Needs URL: HTTP://WWW.CLOSINGTHEGAP.COM/ Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy, Technology Provider: Closing the Gap Abstract: Closing The Gap, Inc. is an organization that focuses on computer technology for people with special needs. The Web site highlights hardware and software products appropriate for people with special needs, and explains how this technology is being implemented in education, rehabilitation, and vocational settings. read more > How to read this information >

Collection and Use of Evidence Module URL: HTTP://WWW.NCCREST.ORG/PROFESSIONAL/PROF_DEV_MODULE.HTML Format: PDF, URL Focus Area: Accountability Provider: National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems (NCCRESt) Abstract: This module can be downloaded and used for professional development. The set includes (1) Mining Meaningful Data (identifying and aligning meaningful data to change practice); (2) Identifying School-Wide Patterns of Student Performance (using a process to measure change effects); and (3) Looking at Student Work to Target Instruction (linking aggregated student work data to make changes schoolwide). Resources on this topic include a facilitator manual, PowerPoint presentations, and handouts. read more > How to read this information >

Curriculum-Based Measurement Resources for the Secondary-School Level URL: HTTP://WWW.PROGRESSMONITORING.ORG/RIPMPRODUCTS2.HTML#CBM_SECONDARY Focus Area: Curriculum and Instruction, Accountability Provider: National Center on Student Progress Monitoring Abstract: This document includes a reference list of articles and book chapters on the development of progress monitoring procedures for secondary-school students in reading, content-area learning, and writing. It also includes a brief section on student progress monitoring practices that have been proven to work at the secondary level. read more > How to read this information >

Math and Reading Matrices URL: HTTP://WWW.TECHMATRIX.ORG/ Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy, Technology Provider: National Center for Technology Innovation (NCTI) Abstract: These matrices developed by CITEd and NCTI are searchable databases that match technology tools with supporting literature on promising practices for the instruction of K-8 mathematics and reading for students with disabilities. To search a matrix database of products and evidence, just select one of the six purposes of technology that support math or reading for students with special needs. Links to other technology matrices are also provided. read more > How to read this information >

Monitoring Student Progress in Individualized Educational Programs Using Curriculum-Based Measurement URL: HTTP://WWW.STUDENTPROGRESS.ORG/LIBRARY/ARTICLES.ASP Format: Print, PDF, URL Focus Area: Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction Provider: National Center on Student Progress Monitoring Abstract: CBM can make IEPs educationally meaningful by aligning initial assessment information and progress monitoring. By using CBM, teachers can strengthen instructional planning and improve student achievement. CBM can be used to develop goals, benchmarks, or short-term objectives for IEPs for students with disabilities as well as monitor student progress across the school year. This paper describes CBM in reading and math and provides sample IEP goal statements for each area. In addition, a description of how teachers can examine data and make meaningful decisions about the overall effectiveness of their instruction is described. Rating: Claims of Effectiveness: Research validates the following use of CBM: Students whose teachers used CBM to monitor academic progress and to make adjustments in instructional programs, when necessary, significantly outperformed comparable students whose teachers did not use CBM. However, research methods were not shared in this article. How to read this information >

National Center for Special Education Research URL: HTTP://IES.ED.GOV/NCSER/PUBS/ Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education Provider: U.S. Department of Education Abstract: Directory of research studies related to special education. read more > How to read this information >

National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities URL: HTTP://WWW.NICHCY.ORG/RESOURCES/LITERACY2.ASP Format: URL Focus Area: Reading and literacy, Special Education Provider: National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities Abstract: NICHCY, the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, serves as a central source of information on disabilities in infants, toddlers, children, and youth; IDEA; and NCLB; and provides research-based information on effective educational practices, including resources on literacy. read more > How to read this information >

Positive Behavior and Supports Interventions (PBIS) (Web site) URL: HTTP://WWW.PBIS.ORG/MAIN.HTM Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education Provider: National Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) Abstract: The PBIS Center gives schools capacity-building information and technical assistance for identifying, adapting, and sustaining effective schoolwide disciplinary practices. The Web site has an online library as well as links to other Web sites in the PBIS network. read more > How to read this information >

South Carolina Assistive Technology Program's List of Education Resources URL: HTTP://WWW.SC.EDU/SCATP/EDUCATION.HTM Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy, Technology Provider: South Carolina Assistive Technology Program Abstract: The South Carolina Assistive Technology Program (SCATP) is a federally funded project concerned with getting technology into the hands of people with disabilities to help them live, work, learn, and be a more independent part of the community; includes online resources for education (e.g., literacy software). read more > How to read this information >

Student Success Formula URL: HTTP://WWW.LDAAMERICA.ORG/ABOUTLD/RESEARCH/INDEX.ASP Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy Provider: Learning Disabilities Association of America Abstract: The formula combines interventions designed to help students master critical content in general education courses, a service delivery model designed to optimize the quality of services provided to students, and a professional development program focused on changing instructional practices. Rating: Claims of Effectiveness: Based on nearly 25 years of research, this formula is designed to help schools and individual educators prepare students to successfully respond to heavy curriculum demands at the middle school and high school levels. How to read this information >

Tech-Create Project URL: HTTP://WWW.ATACCESS.ORG/RESOURCES/ATK12/BP/CREATIVEWRITING.HTML Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy, Technology Provider: Alliance for Technology Access Abstract: Tech-Create, a creative writing project, was developed to serve adolescents with disabilities, ages 11 to 15 years. The program includes literacy activities using multimedia-authoring software to create thematic books and movies. In utilizing the computer and software applications, individuals are able to input their stories through visual illustration, text-based writing, animation, music, and dictation directly into the software application. Rating: Claims of Effectiveness: This program enabled adolescents that were often very intimidated by print due to their learning deficits, to build their skills as well as their self-esteem as they watched their creativity come to life. How to read this information >

Technology Links for Reading Instruction URL: HTTP://WWW.TEXASAT.NET/DOCS/READING%20TECH%20LINKS10-17-06%20FINAL.PDF Format: PDF, URL Focus Area: Reading and literacy, Technology Provider: Texas Assistive Technology Network (TATN) Abstract: Technology Support for Struggling Readers is one of several training modules included in the Assistive Technology in Texas Schools Series. The Technology Links for Reading Instruction chart is a supplement to that module and outlines each of the five research-based components of effective reading programs identified by the NCLB Reading First Initiative and Put Reading First: The Research Building Blocks for Teaching Children to Read. Each component is broken down into skill areas and linked to technology that supports the development of reading ability in each of the skill areas. read more > How to read this information >

Testing Students with Disabilities URL: HTTP://WWW.NCPUBLICSCHOOLS.ORG/ACCOUNTABILITY/PARENTS/TSWD Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Assessment Provider: North Carolina Department of Public Instruction Abstract: NC Department of Public Instruction's Accountability Services Division provides for the design and development of reliable and valid assessment instruments, and the uniform implementation of and access to suitable assessment instruments for all students. This site provides information on testing students with disabilities. read more > How to read this information >

The Literacy Web at The University of Connecticut URL: HTTP://WWW.LITERACY.UCONN.EDU/SPNHOME.HTM Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Reading and literacy Provider: University of Connecticut Abstract: The Literacy Web is designed to promote the use of the Internet as a tool to assist classroom teachers in their search for best practices in literacy instruction. This page provides resources specifically related to special needs. read more > How to read this information >

Tool Kit on Teaching and Assessing Students with Disabilities URL: HTTP://WWW.OSEPIDEASTHATWORK.ORG/TOOLKIT/INDEX.ASP Format: URL Focus Area: Reading and literacy, Curriculum and Instruction, Accountability, Special Education Provider: U.S. Department of Education Abstract: The Tool Kit on Teaching and Assessing Students with Disabilities was created to increase states' capacity to provide rigorous assessment, instruction, and accountability for students with disabilities. It brings together research briefs, papers on large-scale assessment, technical assistance products, and resources. read more > Claims of Effectiveness: ED describes the information in the tool kit as based on the "best available science and research." The research and TA information are described in overviews, and the methodologies are not explained. How to read this information >

Using Technology to Support Diverse Learners URL: HTTP://WWW.WESTED.ORG/CS/TDL/PRINT/DOCS/TDL/HOME.HTM Format: URL Focus Area: Special Education, Technology Provider: WestEd Abstract: This Web site, maintained by WestEd, has links to a slide show, handouts, and related materials for technology coordinators and inclusion teachers to use in helping classroom teachers integrate technology into the curriculum to support diverse learners, including students with disabilities. Also on the Web site are "Tech Tips"—topical links to help educators learn how to use software and other technology devices they already have in the classroom or school to meet the needs of diverse learners. The "Tech Tips" links include Getting Started, Digital Text, Audio, Digital Enhancement, Software, Visual, Curricular Supports, and Targeted Populations (ELL and students with disabilities). read more > How to read this information >

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